SANO, Tomonori

ISSN：13414518

ISSN：13414445

ISSN：13414518

ISSN：13414518

ISSN：13414518

ISSN：13414518

ISSN：13414445

ISSN：13414445

ISSN：13414445

ISSN：13414445

ISSN：13414445

ISSN：13414445

ISSN：13414445

ISSN：13414445

ISSN：13414445

ISSN：13414445

ISSN：13414445

ISSN：13414445

ISSN：13414518

ISSN：13414518

ISSN：13414518

ISSN：13414518

ISSN：18829708

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

Outline：Human behavior is affected by spatial design, spatial structure, clothing, footwear and also human psychological or biological state, so differ greatly in individuals. In this study, we measure body acceleration in some walking states and floor surface characteristics. Then we calculate frequency spectrum by Fast-Fourier-Transform and construct data constellation of spectrum transition in time series. Afterward, we evaluated discriminant accuracy of walking states and floor characteristics by using Support Vector Machine, and we examined the appropriateness of this method.

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：00038555

ISSN：1341-9463

Outline：This case study examines the seat selection at the time of arrival in a small-scale non-territorial office. The questionnaire to the workers reveals that 23% of workers consider that their seat selections affect their business and 67% of workers prefer to change their seats to avoid other worker's voice. The observation of the seat selection at the office shows that many workers tend to fix their own seats. Even when they miss the seats, they select another seat in the same area (table). Some particular areas are hardly used while the other areas are frequently selected. And the seats at the corner of each area are occupied first. Some workers select the area where the particular worker sit.

ISSN：1340-4210

Outline：To clarify the operating station and the speed of the robot where man doesn't feel the obstruct feeling to the robot, the work was done from the following two approaches.1. When the robot moved around the man, the obstruct feeling that man felt was measured. And, the relation between the obstruct feeling, to the passing speed, the position of the robot, and the moving direction of the robot was clarified.2. Man was arranged at a position near the wall and a position far from the wall, and the obstruct feeling to the robot that moved was measured. The relation between the obstruct feeling that man felt and the space was clarified.As a result, it has been understood the obstruct feeling compared with the robot is in proportion with the distance between the man and the robot. Moreover, it was clarified that the obstruct feeling rose when was arranged at a position far from the wall.

ISSN：1348-0685

Outline：Two experiments on the visibility of a direction sign and three emergency signs through fire smoke were carried out with subjects. In Japanese railway stations, direction signs, which are prescribed by rules of each railway company, and Emergency signs, which are prescribed by Fire Services Act, are installed. The emergency signs used in the experiments are an evacuation exit sign and two evacuation route signs. Smoke density, type of signs and yaw angles of the sign were changed in the experiments. Twenty subjects aged twenties were participated in the experiments. All subjects have normal sight. The experiments are planned with "Design of Experiment". As a result of statistical analysis with regression analysis, relational expressions of each sign about the visible distance, smoke density and yaw angles were derived.

ISSN：1348-0685

Outline：The wayfinding experiments on evacuation in fire were carried out in two large terminal railway stations in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. The subjects were stranger to these stations. In addition, questionnaires about the fire evacuation behavior and knowledge of emergency information in a railway station were conducted for one hundred and forty-seven college students and the subjects of the wayfinding experiments. The results of this study are as follows; 1. The evacuee tends to follow the normal direction sign instead of the emergency exit sign in the station. 2. The evacuee decides his way in a crossing. 3. The evacuee selects his route tentatively or by a sense of distance if he is not able to find a clear direction sign

ISSN：1340-4210

Outline：In this research, we conducted a fundamental research concerning the capability of the manual-assistive evacuation chair. The results of this paper are as follows. As the operation training is enforced repeatedly, participants had shortened descending time in the staircase. The participant who had an operation experience of the manual-assistive evacuation chair marked faster and more stable descending time than inexperienced participant. When the participant goes down several floors continuously, descending time between the floors is gradually shortened. We found out that the narrowness of the stair affected the operation performance of the evacuation chair on the landing was larger than on the step of staircase. Furthermore, the weight of the passenger sitting on influenced differently by the type of evacuation chair.

ISSN：1348-0685

Outline：With the introduction of specific safety guidelines in the Building Standards Act, it introduced the Method of Verification for Evacuation Safety. In the Method of Verification for Evacuation Safety, along with the time for the starting time of evacuation, the walking time, the time of exit transit time, it calculates the time from the fire break out to the evacuation complete. However, due to weak evidence for the calculating method of the evacuation starting time, the necessity for the construction of the method based on engineering evidences is pointed out. The timing of the accident perception is important factor that decides the time until evacuation beginning of the person in the fire room. In this study, it paid attention to a visual influence of smoke in the factor of the accident perception, and we execute some subjective experiment. As a result of the research, we clarified some useful findings, such as the value of extinction coefficient of smoke layer and cause regarding the accident perception.

ISSN：1340-4210

Outline：Human subject experiments were conducted on the crowd flow of evacuees passing through a ticket gate at a railway station. The ticket gates at railway stations are typically narrow and therefore hinder the navigation of passengers through them during evacuation in the case of fire. In the experiment, 48 subjects passed through a ticket gate with 3 passages. The subjects approached the ticket gate from various start positions and went toward various goals. On the basis of the experimental results, the characteristics of evacuees selection of one of the multiple passages of the ticket gate were elucidated and a calculation model was developed.

ISSN：1348-0685

Outline： This study aims to elucidate the characteristics of evacuees' movements on the staircase of a high-rise building, such as the flow rate, walking speed, evacuee density, and merging ratio at the staircase landing, for evacuation planning, evacuation calculation, and computer simulation on the basis of observational data of a total evacuation drill.
 The characteristics of the walking and merging behaviors of occupants of a high-rise building descending to the staircase were investigated on the basis of observational data of a real total evacuation drill conducted in a high-rise building in Tokyo. The results are expected to be useful for developing and validating simulations by a computer model as well as evacuation calculations.

ISSN：1340-4210

Outline： The purpose of this research was to explore the influence on user's behavior by conditions of location. The analysis of the cafe user as "The Third Place" can be understood by observation research. The Third Place proposed by Ray Oldenburg means originally the social surroundings separate from the two usual social environments of home and the workplace, but the cafe in Japan advertise as third place meaning private working spots. By grasping the influence on user's behavior in the cafe through not only the Third Place was mainly conversation proposed by Oldenburg but private working in the cafe, it was cleared that the conditions of location and the ratio of property have effect on actions of use as the Third Place.

ISSN：1340-4210

Outline： This study investigates the factors that effect of human body shape on the pedestrian's specific flow rate at openings.
 The results of our experiment show that the mean pedestrian specific flow rates were appendix more than 2.0 person/m/s. Furthermore, the flow late increases with the opening width not linearly but in form of a step function. The participants often twisted their shoulder when they entered to the opening in particular if they passed near the opening edge through. This action makes their projected body width against the opening smaller so that they could enter into spatial gaps that were smaller than their actual body width.

ISSN：1348-0685

Outline： If a fire or other serious emergency occurs in a high-rise building, all occupants would be forced to evacuate the building under such an extreme event. Also, it is quite probable that many occupants in the building start to evacuate at the same time on this occasion. Further, the staircase would become very congested, if all occupants try to evacuate via a limited number of staircases concurrently. In such a case, it may cause considerable delay of the evacuation time or influence on walking speed of evacuees. To cope with this kind of simultaneous total evacuation, there is a method known as "phased evacuation", where occupants on a fire origin floor and the floor above will evacuate first and followed by other occupants in different floors to avoid congestion in the staircase. However, it is unclear how the phased evacuation is more efficient than simultaneous total evacuation, because there have been limited studies and data concerning this method of evacuation. To explore the potential availability of phased evacuation, this study analyzes the data obtained by video recording and measuring movement of evacuees during a total evacuation drill conducted in a high-rise office building in Tokyo.

ISSN：1340-4210

Outline： This study investigates pedestrian avoidance behaviors in a crowd. In order to appreciate avoidance behaviors in detail, the new graphic illustration method, called "Pedestrian-Perspective Movement Tracking Diagram" was developed in this paper. This illustration method packs a sequence of pedestrian movement from the pedestrian's perspective visually in one picture.
 The results of our experiment show for example detouring avoidance behavior can be observed after pedestrians reduce their speed. A case study in a real railway station was also carried out applying our new method to observe avoidance behaviors in a more complex pedestrian flow.

ISSN：1340-4210

Outline： A study was conducted on the activities of office workers at a café corner with a lounge in a free-address office to investigate communication at a "magnet space". The major results were as follows; 1. The encounter probability between two office workers at the "magnet space" could be estimated by a formula based on Little's law, which considers the frequency of use as well as the mean and standard deviation of the sojourn time. By analyzing more data for the estimated formula of the encounter rate which is suggested on this study, it can confirm more minutely the actual situation of an encounter and the conversation in "magnet space" of their offices. 2. Installing the lounge-like workspace adjacent to the café space increased the encounter probability between workers at the café corner.

ISSN：1341-9463

Outline：“Immersive Virtual Environment (IVE)” could be useful for the field of architecture. This paper focused on the factors for a grasp of an accurate distance in the IVE. A total of 10 normal sight subjects were individually asked to match up their image distances to the standard distances, which were between the sphere and the subject in the IVE. We conclude that the image distances are close to the standard distances, when “3m” is the standard distance or the subject attention to the distance that is between the sphere and a floor.

ISSN：1348-0685

Outline： Recently, enrollments in nursery schools have become higher and higher. This is largely due to the social progress of women, with the increasing number of working mothers. Additionally, the number of three-generation households is decreasing. Nursery schools are traditionally low-rise structures, with a playground, but deregulation of the law now allows for the placement of nursery schools in middle floors of high-rise buildings. In Japan, the ages of nursery school students are generally from infancy to five-years old, which means that they can't evacuate the premises by themselves during a fire, so we must research ways to evacuate them safely. And the scheme of planning safe evacuations from buildings has not been sufficiently researched, so we have investigated the practice of fire drills and have interviewed teachers and students of nursery schools. The following is what we have learned:
 (1)Characteristics of evacuation ;drills of nursery schools: Students evacuate in class groups, lead by their teachers, who provide the indications. Time is needed for evacuation preparation (setting up strollers, gathering infants and preparing to carry them out, and giving instructions regarding exiting, etc., ) and before starting evacuation, and time for confirming the numbers of students, and waiting time is needed when they are evacuating, so these times must be considered in the calculation of evacuation time.
 (2)The characteristics of evacuation abilities of nursery school students : Infants (up to one-year old), and students who can't easily walk by themselves must be carried by a nurse or other adults, which makes evacuation movements and management after evacuation more manageable. Two-year-old students are able to walk alright on their own but cannot sufficiently grasp the situation. It's difficult to follow the teachers' instructions, so a lot of assistances are need. Children aged three and over can, of course, walk even better, and can grasp the severity of a fire. But they tend to walk more slowly as they feel frightened in cases when they are at earlier age, or they have to take an escape route that they are not familiar with. In order to shorten evacuation time, older students should evacuate first, as they can walk faster than younger students, thus their escape time won't be hindered by slower evacuees.
 (3)Notes of buildings that include a nursery school: Regarding the situation of using stairways for evacuation, there are many points of concern regarding the safety of children. Because there are many dangerous points related to stairways, such as the fact that stairways often arouse fear in younger students during emergency evacuation, and as a result they walk more slowly. Consequently, older students try to pass the younger, slower students. Especially in cases when a nursery school is on a middle floor of a multi-use building, there is a possibility that confusion is caused among the evacuating children who walk slowly, along with their teachers, as evacuating people from other facilities mix with people evacuating from the nursery school. Thus, having a dedicated set of stairs for children is better. In addition, nursery schools that are in existing buildings that were not designed to accommodate nursery schools, have higher handles and the height of steps rise.
 (4)Decreasing evacuation route length: Due to the fact that nursery school students' bodies and minds are not fully developed, their circumstances during a fire are more severe than those for adults. Thus, nursery schools should be on lower floors of buildings or should have their own buildings. Also the distance from the rooms to the temporary evacuation place should be as short as possible

ISSN：1340-4210

Outline： This study examines the relationship between activities of users in cafes and spatial factors of the cafes from the viewpoint of user's seat occupation. ’The Third Place’ originally proposed by Ray Oldenburg means the social surroundings apart from two usual social environments, home and workplace. The some of cafes in Japan, however, promotes the use of the cafe for private working spots as the third place. Observational investigation was conducted in cafes of a same group company, six shops and ten floors.
 Seat occupation and activities of each cafe user were recorded once per hour from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. on August 2011. A Total of 5401 (person-hour) data was collected in ten days on weekdays.

 This study reveals activities of cafe users from the aspects of the shop location in Part 1 and from the aspect of the spatial factors in Part 2. Therefore, it is possible to provide the space to fit the user's needs by considering the location aspects and the spatial aspects. In this paper (part. 2), activities in the cafe were classified into three types: A) Output-based working, B) Input-based working, and C) Rest/Conversation. Observation reveals that seat occupation of each type users depends on spatial factors. The relationship between the activity in the cafe and the spatial factor were quantitatively clarified by a multiple logistic regression analysis.

 As a result of the analysis, it was found that spatial factors such as “Distance from entrance/stairway to the seat”, ”Seat against a wall or not” and ”Types of Tables” are related to the activities in the cafe. While Output-based working type prefers to select multiple floor without the cash register, Rest/communication type prefers to select multiple Floor with the cash register. While Input-based working users prefer to select seats against a wall, Rest/ communication users tend to avoid the seat against a wall. Output-based and Input-based working users tend to select shared tables rather than the large table. The low tables were selected more by Input-based working users than by Output-based working users. Rest/ communication users tend to select large tables, not counters and shared tables.

Outline： Introduction
 Many previous studies have revealed characteristic of crowd flow due to a difference in spatial configuration by measuring the walking speed and density in public place. However, it is difficult to determine whether the cause of the change in the pedestrian behavior is bottleneck or local congestion. This is because the measured spatial conditions, walking situation is the fact that not described in detail. This paper focused on the specific flow where the path with bottleneck and merging or without of them using full scale experiment.
 Purpose
 The purpose of this study measures walking speed and the density from an experiment and clarifies the characteristic of crowd flow a change of the spatial conditions. In addition, it's considered about the influence on specific flow from the observed crowd flow.
 Methods
 By establishing the temporary compartment which is shaped like corridor within the facility, changing the shape, the width of the corridor, the width of neck and the density, the crowd walking experiment by 96 participants was performed. The experimental situation is photographed by the video camera installed on the ceiling part. In Case A, the walls were constructed on both sides and the corridor was straight. There were 3 kinds of the width of corridor. In Case B, in the center within the area of Case A1, there was a bottleneck, where there were 3 kinds of the width of corridor and 2 kinds of the width of bottlenecks. In case C, the merging occurs in the area of Case A. In Case D, the width of corridor was 6.0m, in the center of which there was a bottleneck. Under all the conditions, we attempted the experiment three times per each condition. In Case A4, the width of corridor was 6.0m, in the center of which there was a bottleneck. Under all the conditions, we attempted the experiment three times per each condition.
 Results
 The part of results of this study are as follows;
 - When focusing on the trajectory before neck through, the wedge-shaped trajectory of the participants was drawn from 2,400mm in front of the neck toward the bottleneck. In the Case B-5 which has the corridor with narrow width, the wedge shape of the trajectory became moderate and the participants moved substantially straight toward the neck
 - A pedestrian in the merging front of path walks while decelerating walking speed by occurrence of congestion by merging.
 - After passing through an opening, when it's wide space, a pedestrian maintains each own personal space and approaches free speed.
 Conclusion
 When the one direction crowd flow in path bottleneck and merging occurs, the specific flow in the path reduced response to width of the path and width of the bottleneck. When passing through the opening, the specific flow is changed in accordance with the crowd density of the previous bottleneck and forward spatial configuration.

ISSN：1340-4210

Outline： Introduction
 Many previous studies have researched the characteristics of pedestrian flow and measured the values such as the flow rate, speed and density, on the basis of the investigations of pedestrian movements in urban streets, stations, theater and others, in normal situations. There is a case that their results were used for the estimation of evacuation time. However, Most of these studies did not research the pedestrian flow passing through an opening in a wide space such as a room or hall in architecture and a public passage. This paper focuses on the characteristics of pedestrian flow during passing through an opening in wide space in detail, using the experiment.
 Purpose
 This study aimed to identify the characteristics of pedestrian flow during passing through an opening in wide space under a range of the opening width. The effect of an opening width on the pedestrian flow during passing through the opening in a wide space was elucidated, on the basis of the each transition of the specific flow [person/m/s] and walking speed [m/s], density [person/m²], and the walking trajectories.
 Methods
 The experiment was conducted on subjects walking and passing through the opening in the 6000-mm wide space. The experimental conditions were varied according to the opening widths and the distances between the opening and the start position of the subject crowd. The opening widths were set to one of the six levels under a range from 800 mm to 2400 mm The distances between the opening and the start position of the subject crowd were 1200 mm and 6000 mm. The number of trials in the distances of 1200 mm and 6000 mm were 3 and 1, respectively, in each level of opening width. The experiment consisted of 24 trials on the basis of combinations of two experimental conditions. The 96 non-handicapped subjects, all walked and passed through the opening in each trial.
 Results
 The parts of results of this study are as follows:
 1. When the opening width was multiples of 600 mm, the specific flow in the case that the distance between the opening and the crowd are 1200 mm and 6000 mm, were the same.
 2. When the opening width is multiples of 600 mm but that is 2400 mm, it is assumed that the walking speed and the density during passing through the opening in the case of 6000-mm walking distance to the opening are higher and less than those in the case of 1200-mm, respectively.
 3. The specific flow in each case that the distance between the opening and the crowd are 1200 mm and 6000 mm, were not much difference between the opening widths from 800 mm to 2400 mm. The averages in the case of 1200mm and 6000mm were 2.59 person/m/s and 2.49 person/m/s, respectively.
 4. When the width of the opening is from 800 mm to 2400 mm, it is assumed that the specific flow in steady state is about about 2.40 person/m/s at minimum.
 Conclusions
 This study set out to derive the characteristics of the transition and the steady state of the pedestrian flow during passing through the opening in the wide space. The results obtained will be useful for calculating the time for people to evacuate in the event of fire, using mathematical expressions or computer simulation.

Outline： Introduction
 In recent years the demand has risen for diverse work environment to support various activities of workers, and increasing consideration is being made for office space planning where workers can choose their preferred environment by themselves depending on the diversified work contents. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify not only the relationship of activity to workspace, but also the needs for different environment settings emerged by the various individual characteristics of office workers.
 Purpose
 The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of individual workers' attributes on their preference of environment settings for each activity in the office, by grasping the environment seemed by the worker who is the actual office user by each individual attribute, in order to consider the supporting environment for the diversifying activities in the office.
 Methods
 Office activities were classified into the following nine types according to the results of the preliminary survey, and eight items indicated were selected as attributes of the office worker. A questionnaire was then undertaken with a total of 222 office workers working in four different offices of a certain manufacturing company, and the data were analyzed using multivariate analysis techniques. Eleven items were prepared as environmental elements to explain the office space, concerning "environmental openness ", "remoteness to other workers" and "desk surface height".
 Type of activity: routine task, information gathering, convergent thinking, divergent thinking, scheduled meeting, unscheduled meeting, cooperative work, chatting, refreshing
 Attributes of office workers: age, gender, smoker, personality (extroversion), workstyle, in-house time per day, existence dedicated desk, branch
 * Extroversion: In this study, an extrovert is defined as "a person who is interested in external objects, such as events and others." An introvert is defined as "a person who is interested in the psychological processes of the subject or the subject itself."
 Results
 From the results of this study, the following were indicated as conclusions:
 1. The needs for the work environment for each activity were affected by the differences in personal characteristics, such as age, gender, workstyle, smoking preference, and extroversion.
 2. The workspace for each activity was classified according to the combination of two points of view, "whether the environment is open or closed" and "whether the remoteness to other workers is near or far."
 Conclusion
 It was revealed that the preference of the work environment for each activity was affected by the differences in personal characteristics. On the other hand, the workspace for each activity could be classified according to the combination of two points of view, including "whether the environment is open or closed" and "whether the remoteness to other workers is near or far." This suggests the possibility that the environment setting of a few variations could satisfy the detailed preference of environment settings of the worker comprehensively.

ISSN：03080501

Outline：Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Many studies have been conducted on the evacuation behavior on the staircases of buildings, but very little data are available for a situation with many occupants in a crowded high-rise building. Therefore, this study investigated the evacuation behavior of a large number of evacuees on the staircase of a 25-story high-rise building. A total evacuation drill was conducted with 2088 evacuees, and the behavior of 1136 evacuees on the landings of the south staircase was recorded by a video recorder on the ceiling. The relationship between the density and speed of the evacuees on the landings was analyzed from the evacuation data for two situations: without and with merging in the stair flow. The evacuation stair flow in this drill had merging occupants entering from the floors, but no one entered from the lower floors during the latter period of the drill. Therefore, the flow during the latter period was treated as non-merging flow, for which it was observed that, when the staircase was fully crowded, the density on the landings in the moving situation was different from that in the stopped situation. Moreover, the density on the landings was different from that on the treads. Furthermore, in the merging flow, a merging ratio of approximately 50:50 occurred during the congested evacuation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ISSN：20507488

Outline：© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2106.We report a new, environmentally and economically friendly photocatalytic process with unprecedentedly high activity for partial cyclohexane oxidation. Mesoporous silicas containing isolated tetrahedrally coordinated Ti and Fe oxide nanoparticles immobilized on the pore surface were synthesized by reacting SBA-15 with Ti(iv) acetylacetonate and Fe(iii) acetylacetonate successively. A variety of characterizations suggested that the grafted tetrahedrally coordinated Ti species were coupled with Fe oxide nanoparticles via Ti-O-Fe bonds. The SBA-15 photocatalysts showed a high yield (up to sub-mmol) and nearly 100% selectivity for the production of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone with molecular O2 under solar light. The unprecedentedly high activity could be explained by the lengthened lifetime of the active Ti species by electron delocalization over Ti-O-Fe bonds and the visible light (λ > 420 nm)-induced activity endowed by Fe oxide nanoparticles coupled to the Ti species.

ISSN：03797112

Outline：© 2017 Elsevier Ltd Pedestrian merging flows on stairs are defined as the confluence of a flow of pedestrians from a stair and pedestrians from each floor of a multi-storey building. This paper introduces a novel simplified mathematical model for the calculation of evacuation times on stairs which takes into account the impact of merging flows. The model allows calculating the impact of merging ratio (people accessing the stair landing from the floor and from the stair) on pedestrian flows and evacuation times at each floor in congested situations. The assumptions and implementation of the model are presented. A hypothetical model case study of a 10-floor building evacuation is investigated, where the results of the new model are compared with the results of an evacuation simulation model using SimTread. Advantages and limitations of the new model in relation to the existing methods adopted for the simulation of merging flows on stairs are discussed.

ISSN：13419463

Outline："Immersive Virtual Environment (IVE)" could be useful for the field of architecture. This paper focused on the factors for a grasp of an accurate distance in the IVE. A total of 10 normal sight subjects were individually asked to match up their image distances to the standard distances, which were between the sphere and the subject in the IVE. We conclude that the image distances are close to the standard distances, when "3m" is the standard distance or the subject attention to the distance that is between the sphere and a floor.

ISSN：13480685

Outline：There has been an increasing interest in office space planning in which workers can choose their work environment by themselves, depending on the diverse workstyles. Realizing the need to clarify the influence of individual worker's attributes on how they select work environment according to each activity in the office, a survey was conducted on office workers. From the findings, it was revealed that there are different tendencies in work environment preference according to attributes such as age, gender, smoking preference, and extroversion. On the other hand, it was suggested that the workspaces for different activities can be classified by combining two viewpoints, "the environmental openness (open/closed)" and "the remoteness between workers (near/far)", indicating the possibility that environment settings by a few variations can satisfy detailed preferences of environment settings comprehensively.

ISSN：13414518

ISSN：13414518

ISSN：13414445

ISSN：13414445

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：1340-4210

Outline：This paper presents the characteristics of the pedestrian movement around the door connected to a corridor. We focused on the flow rate where a door connects to a corridor to verify evacuation safety, based on performance-based design. Full-scale evacuation experiments were conducted to confirm that a decrease in flow rate would occur when passing through an opening. A flow rate of 1.5 persons/m/s is assumed as the convention for Japanese Building-Standard Law. However, when the corridor connected to the door is crowded, flow rate at the door decreases. Therefore, the effective flow rate, which changes in relation to the effective area of corridor available, was used in Japanese performance-based codes to accurately evaluate the evacuation time of buildings in a fire. Furthermore, the differences between this experiment and "SimTread" (a multi-agent pedestrian simulator) were investigated to examine the validity of the simulation.

ISSN：1340-4210

Outline：We examined the effects of spatial variables on the evaluation rate for interactive robots presented with Augmented Reality technology (AR-Robots). Results indicated the followings. AR-Robots in front of subjects get higher evaluation rate while they were presented on the eye-height of the subjects than on the desktop or the floor. The suitable distance for the subjects while they were approaching and speaking to AR-Robots was approximately 1300 mm. And the distance was strongly influenced by the conversation content especially for some subject had an introvert personality, while the distance was influenced by the appearance of AR-Robots for the extrovert subjects.

ISSN：1340-4210

Outline：We examined the effects of visual noises caused by wall-moving robots on task-performance. Subjects attended to Calculating-task and Inputting-task on a desktop display while the projected black circles as visual noises were moving on the front wall. Results indicated 1) Answering-time for Calculating-task was increased while black circles were moving in the area within 35-degrees from Gazing-point for the task. 2) Just after black circles appeared on the horizontal area spread on Gazing-point, Answering-time for the first quest of Calculating-task was increased. 3) While black circles were moving on the same horizontal area on Gazing-point, Eye-blinking rate was increased.

ISSN：1340-4210

Outline：In the near future, there will be several types of the leading robots that lead us a way to a destination in our daily life spaces. Some experiments were conducted in order to clarify the characters behaviors of human in follow-walking after leading robots in a real corridor. Following results were obtained. 1) The distance to the robots were kept in from 900 to 1100(mm). And 2) Subjects tended to gaze at the short size robot (300mm height) more frequently than the middle size one (600mm height). 3) When the leading speed is lower (0.34m/s), subjects tended to gaze at the short size robot (300mm height) more frequently than the tall size one (900mm height). 4) The characteristic fixation pattern was found that was gazing at the midair area above the head of the robots.

ISSN：1340-4210

Outline：This study analyzes the pedestrian's avoidance behavior in crossing flow in order to obtain quantitative criteria for evaluating the difficulty of walking in a crowd. The new graphic illustration methods, called Short-Time Pedestrian Path Diagram and Direction Rose Diagram, are developed and proposed in this paper to represent the state of a crowd visually. The result of our experiment suggests that pedestrians descend their walking speed or/and detour to avoid striking other people and each avoidance behavior can be classified into three levels, whose threshold are defined from the speed or the angular velocity of each pedestrian.

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363