田邉　新一

ISSN：03864081

ISSN：1341450X

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

ISSN：00038555

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：13414496

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：13414496

ISSN：13414496

ISSN：13414496

ISSN：13414496

ISSN：00038555

ISSN：0385275X

概要：近年、業務分野の建築における空調方式として、個別分散型HPパッケージシステム、いわゆるマルチ型パッケージエアコンが、その利便性、経済性などを背景に比率を占めるようになっている。さらに冷暖同時型、高効率化など技術も高度化しており、空調システム選定における優位性を高めている。空気調和として最少の消費エネルギーで良好な居住環境を確保するという命題はありながら、マルチ型パッケージエアコンは、空調システムの効率評価の観点では十分な知見が得られていない状況があった。本研究では、実建物におけるマルチ型パッケージエアコンの性能評価、ならびにシミュレーションにより設備設計への知見をまとめることを目的としている。第一報では、実建物における年間にわたる性能評価により、システムCOPの推定値を算出した。

ISSN：13420739

ISSN：13414496

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：1341450X

ISSN：00038555

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

概要：風のゆらぎや光のゆらめきなど、自然環境に表出する豊かな表情の一コマを、建築形態で切り取れないかと考えた。そこで、建築形態の環境要素への適応を実現させる手法の獲得を研究の目的とし、臨海地域に建つ室内運動場を対象としたケーススタディを通し、不可視かつ動的な環境要素のうちとりわけ把握困難である風に着目して、まずCFD解析を実行した。次にアルゴリズム生成ソフトを用いて建物周辺風速の緩和を目的とした形態生成プログラムを作成し、解析より得た複雑な風の挙動を形態生成に反映させる設計プロセスを展開した。本研究を通して、アルゴリズムと環境シミュレーションを連成することによって、建築形態の周辺環境への適応を行う設計プロセスの可能性を見出すことが出来た。これは一種の環境的合理性から発したアルゴリズミック・デザインと言える。

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

概要：タスクファンを用いた執務者周りの室内温熱環境の改善が、脳内酸素代謝に与える影響を検討する為に、被験者実験を行った。作用温度27.9℃、相対湿度46%の環境下で、着衣量を0.7cloとし、上半身へのタスク気流の有無について比較を行った。精神作業時の熱的快適性や疲労に関する心理的測定に加え、近赤外分光法による生体内酸素代謝測定システムを用い、左右の前額にて測定した総ヘモグロビン濃度変化量を、客観的なメンタルワークロードの指標とし評価を行った。精神作業として、3桁の紙面上の乗算作業を課した。タスク気流有の条件は、タスク気流無の条件よりも温熱満足度が高く、疲労の訴え率が低く、作業成績のうち誤答率が低かった。また、作業中の左額側の総ヘモグロビン濃度増加量が有意に低かった。

概要：Thermal sensation in a heated room is much affected by the building thermal insulation and a heating system equipped. Coupled convection-radiation simulation is conducted to estimate heat release from a floor heating system or a wall-mounted air-conditioning unit under the same equivalent temperature with simulated human body under five building insulation levels including three levels of Japanese energy conservation standards for residential building. When heat loss from the bottom of the heating panels is neglected, heat release from the floor heating system is smaller than that from the air-conditioning unit.

概要：Recently, considerations are being taken to improve environmental performance of train stations. But because train stations have close relationship with the activity of local community, environmental considerations not limited within the station may be required. In this study, field survey was conducted from summer to autumn in station Y, which has unique landscape in urban area. Methods to utilize surrounding natural resources such as natural ventilation by local wind were studied. Questionnaire survey showed that users considered the landscape and greenery as the uniqueness of station Y.

概要：Recently, buildings with natural ventilation system are increasing in number from indoor comfort and energy conservation standpoint. In this study, at a high-rise office building with manually operated natural ventilation window, field measurement and BEMS-data analysis were conducted on to investigate the window performance and annual operation aspect of all floors. According to the field measurement, the average ventilation frequency during office time was 0.8/h. From the BEMS-data analysis, it was indicated that window opening has a high correlation with outdoor temperature and season, and that window open rate reached its peak at between 21-23 degrees C. Furthermore, it was confirmed that appropriate window operation improved the effect of heat load reduction by natural ventilation.

概要：This study is aimed to evaluate effect of resident by thermal environment and intelligent productivity for the Task Ambient KOOL System with Ceiling Radiation Membrane (TAK-R system). In this paper, we report cooling effect on the human body by CFD analysis coupled with human thermoregulation model JOS and experiment evaluation of thermal environment using thermal manikin.

概要：Subjective experiment was conducted in a climate chamber introducing Task Ambient KOOL System with Ceiling Radiation Membrane. Effect of thermal environment and physiological factors on productivity was examined. The ten male and six female subjects were exposed in each condition and worked on multiplication and proofreading for fifteen minutes. Local skin wittedness of male subjects was significantly decreased and thermal and IAQ satisfaction of male subjects improved significantly during the first part of the experiment. It was confirmed that productivity with Task Ambient with KOOL system was higher than conventional conditions, because of the improvement of thermal and IAQ satisfaction.

概要：Recent years, new type of multiple packaged air-conditioning systems, which separately controls sensible and latent heat, has been applied for energy conservation and improving thermal comfort. In this study, field surveys were conducted in an office installing the desiccant air-conditioning system in summer and winter. It was found that with the desiccant air-conditioning system, indoor air temperature and humidity were controlled properly even in summer and winter. Total energy consumption of the desiccant air-conditioning system was slightly lower than that of the conventional multiple packaged air-conditioning system.

概要：The objective of this paper is working out the calculation model of chlorine dioxide (ClO_2) gas reaction rate constant in visible light by bag method. Experiments were conducted in a thermostatic chamber using a 20L Tedlar (polyvinyl fluoride) bag, which has a negligible adsorptive property against ClO_2 gas. The concentration of ClO_2 gas in the Tedlar bag was measured every one hour for six hours. Air temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity and light illumination were set as experimental variables. It was found that high air temperature and light irradiation accelerated the decrease of ClO_2 gas concentration; the latter had the greatest influence on the decrease of ClO_2 gas concentration among the conditions examined. A mathematical expression as a function of air temperature and light intensity by fluorescent lamp contribute to ClO_2 gas absorption was proposed to predict reaction rate constant of ClO_2 gas.

概要：Airborne infectious diseases such as SARS and pandemic flu are worldwide problem. Spread of infection from infected patients to medical doctors or nurses could be a sever issue. Therefore, it has significant meaning to control the infection risk in medical examination room. The objective of this research is to evaluate the infection risk by the aerosol dispersed due to human cough in a medical examination room. This paper reports the introduction of this research. The human cough simulation machine was developed for this research. This machine was found to be able to simulate human cough well.

概要：Medical workers use standard precautions to prevent infection. But standard precautions can't prevent airborne infections. We developed an airborne infection control system of consultation room. We used horizontal push-pull airflow to exhaust patient's cough with droplet nuclei. The push-pull devices can use in a small room. We used 0.5μm dust as alternative droplet nuclei. The concentrations of 0.5μm dust were reduced less than 1/20 when the distance of push-pull devices was 1.5m. Our infection control system can reduce the risk of airborne infection in the existing consultation room.

概要：This paper focuses on the investigation of the behavior of Zhang models predicting whole and local thermal sensation under the condition of non-uniform thermal environment for developing the prediction methods of thermal sensation and comfort. The whole thermal sensations to the operative temperature under the conditions of steady state and uniform thermal environment are predicted by the conventional and improved Zhang models, and they are compared with subjective experimental results. Prediction results by both Zhang models had different trend.

概要：At first, questionnaire surveys and usage survey were conducted in the office building that has glass facade introducing the highly reflective Roll Screen (so called SS) with exterior visibility as renovation, to figure out the effect on occupant's thermal and light environment. Secondly, field survey was conducted in the University with SS to evaluate its thermal performance quantitatively. Finally, Perimeter Annual Load(PAL) was calculated. Then, it was figured out that SS produces great thermal performance higher than high performance glasses and preferred its exterior visibility. So SS has a spread possibility as simple renovation for thermal improvement.

概要：VOCs emission through building materials applied with adhesives is one of the major causes of indoor air pollution. Understanding the characteristics of VOCs emission can provide safety checks and procedures to prevent indoor air pollution. Although the determination of VOCs using small chamber has been established in JIS A 1901, there are still some disadvantages in measuring adhesives. Our group has developed test specimen that uses calcium silicate plate as substitute of glass plate and examined its availability. The purpose of this research is to collect the basic data of new sample by measuring VOCs emission rate and effective diffusion coefficient of the board. In the end, possible discussions are given by comparing with anamnestic data.

概要：To improve the air quality in the cabin, it is necessary to understand the characteristics and ofthe chemical substances that emitted from materials which are used the cabin. Then, we has studied the method for proper measuring the concentration of SVOCs by using of different plates. The following items were reported in this research. 1. Measure of recovery rate using standard regent. 2. Measure of SVOCs emitted from Automotive parts.

概要：SVOC (Semi-volatile organic compounds) is contained in building materials, plasticizers, flame retardants and adverse effects for the human body are concerned. This study was measured the concentration of SVOC for house dust and compared for house dust of the before and after renovation. And using micro-chamber method, for the building products of Japan and South Korea were measured the emission of semi volatile organic compounds. Floor product in Korea is higher than the emission of DEHP for floor product in Japan.

概要：SVOC (Semi-volatile organic compounds) is contained in building materials added with plasticizers and flame retardants, and its health effects on the human body are concerned. This paper reports how to evaluate the adhesive behavior of SVOC and measure the concentration of SVOC in house dust. The results of SVOC sampling using silica wool and glass plate in micro chamber were shown, and the emission rates were calculated by the model formula.

概要：Olfactometry is well known as the method for evaluating Perceived Air Quality (PAQ). However, it would require high initial costs and a lot of time for a sensory test. For a number of building materials, more simple and low-cost method would be effective. It is Dynamic Odor Bottle Method that our group has been developed as the sensory test which might enable a number of subjects to evaluate PAQ over a dozen of building materials simultaneously. In this study, developed devices were explained, and when using two types of sniffing ports the results of panel tests stated.

ISSN：00214728

ISSN：1349838X

概要：Necessity of net Zero Energy Building is described. Energy saving of the building contributes to the expansion of domestic demand. It is being reviewed as economic policy in Europe. Energy-efficient large-scale buildings are being carried out in the big city for the first time in the world in Tokyo. ZEB is not an energy saving of patience. We need to disseminate to the world energy-saving technology of Japan using the word ZEB. Considering lighting environment is very important for nZEB.

概要：地球温暖化などの環境問題への対応として省エネルギー性が求められている。車室内においては、気流やシートとの接触、日射影響などにより温熱環境が非常に不均一で評価が難しい。快適で省エネルギーな自動車を開発するためには、精度の高い快適性予測技術の開発が望まれる。本研究では非定常・不均一な温熱環境である車室内において暖房方式を変更した際の人体の生理・心理反応を測定する被験者実験を行いその結果を紹介する。

ISSN：00038555

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

ISSN：18839363

概要：我々は、ネット・ゼロ・エネルギー住宅の建設にあたり、省エネかつ快適な生活の実現を目指して、自然環境を利用して環境調整を行うICTを用いた2つの省エネルギー運用システムを開発・実装した。1つめに、日射量・室内外温度などの各種データを用いて、良好な眺望・光・温熱環境を創り出すべく断熱ブラインド・日射遮蔽ブラインド・自然換気窓を協調制御するHEMS(W-HEMS)を開発・実装し、季節に対応した制御アルゴリズムを採用することで、年間を通した省エネルギーかつ快適な生活の実現を目指した。実装したHEMSが取得したデータの閲覧および各機器の動作状態の変更はタブレット上で行うことが出来る。2つめに、室内外温度や電力量といった環境情報を有機EL照明パネルの色合いとして見せる化することで、数値と環境を直感的に対応付け、自然換気を行うなど、居住者の環境調整行動を誘発する仕組みを開発・実装した。

概要：Currently, there is an increasing demand to reduce greenhouse gas C02 is also in relation to the field of automotive transportation equipment from global environmental issues. There is an increasing demand for systems with less load on the engine more efficient and to automotive air conditioning systems therein. EV car of the future, such as HEV car will be an even greater challenge in particular. To consider how heating to maintain comfort and to reduce the power load larger during heating from this background, by thermal manikin, which is one of the metrics thermal environment based on the heat balance of the human body I We report was evaluated using the equivalent temperature.

ISSN：1882-0395

概要：本研究は，自然素材と工業化建材を用いた実験住宅を建設し，ホルムアルデヒド吸着による室内濃度低減効果および施工段階別の化学物質濃度測定による原因特定の可能性を検討した。自然素材を特徴とする内装建材と工業化された建材を持つ実験住宅を建設し，ホルムアルデヒド濃度（DNPH-HPLC法）とVOC濃度（固相吸着-GC-MS分析）を施工段階別および1年間経過後までの期間に渡って測定した。その結果，ホルムアルデヒドは，断熱材内部から気密層に生じた隙間を通り室内への流入が見られた。これから気密層の外側に位置している材料からの汚染物質放散量を確認することが必要であり，従来考慮してこなかった外壁裏面等に用いられる材料に関しても放散量を確認する必要がある。またTVOC濃度は，壁施工後および床板施工後に濃度が上昇し，その後，比較的長期間高い濃度が維持された。工法の乾式化が進む中，現場で使用する塗料・接着剤といった蒸散支配型建材に加え，自然素材系建材である左官材に混入されている化学物質への配慮が重要である。また，空気汚染源の特定には施工段階別の空気質測定（特に塗料や接着剤を用いる湿式工事を行った後の測定）を行い，その結果を用いて養生期間を設定することが望ましいことが分かった。

ISSN：1348-0685

概要：For the improvement of the air quality of indoors, it is necessary to determine the kinds and the concentration of the chemical substances that emit from building products and production parts. On this study, the heating temperature, the amount of the nitrogen filling, and the heating time, etc. was executed as an important item related to the measurement of bag method. It was a tendency that the recovery percentage raises with the rise of the heating temperature as a result of examining the recovery percentage by using the standard test solution, too. Therefore, 65 degrees of the heating temperature is preferable. However, the recovery percentage is less than 80% at even 65 degrees in heating temperature, and it has been understood that it is unsuitable in the measurement in the bag method in Tetradecan. In addition, it has been understood that the bag value calculated from the chamber method becomes small more than the bag value calculated from the bag method.

ISSN：1348-0685

概要：Phthalates are used as plasticizers and flame retardants in building materials and phthalates emitted in indoor environment tend to adhere to house dust. According to Wensing, infants take dust 10times as adults, so an investigation on the concentration of phthalates in house dust is important. This study examined the concentration of phthalate in house dust in Japan and Korea. Specially, Korea house much used polyvinyl flooring as floor product and also used floor heating system during the winter. As a result, the amount of the collected dust per square meter in Japan house was more than the one in Korea house. In addition, the amount of house dust in Japan was more than the one in Korea house, even in under dust 63μm. And the concentration of DEHP in the houses investigated in Korea was higher than 50 percentile in Germany and some Korea houses were higher than 95 percentile in Germany. Japan houses investigated had lower concentration of DEHP in house dust than 95 percentile in Germany, and some house in Japan were lower than 50 percentile in Germany.

ISSN：1348-0685

概要：Thermal comfort in a heated room is much affected by the characteristics of envelop, especially its thermal insulation properties and the heating system. Coupled convection-radiation simulation is conducted to estimate heat release from a floor heating system or a wall-mounted air-conditioning unit under the same equivalent temperature with simulated human body under five building insulation levels including three levels of Japanese energy conservation standards for residential building. A human body model is placed on the floor in a seated posture and controlled by comfort regulation of thermal manikin. In computations, sensible heat release from the human body is matched for different heating systems by properly controlling temperature of the heating panels under the floor or hot air from the air-conditioner. When heat loss from the bottom of the heating panels is neglected, heat release from the floor heating system is smaller than that from the air-conditioning unit.

ISSN：1348-0685

概要：Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) are contained in building materials including plasticizers and flame retardants, and adverse effects for the human body have been are concerned. It is important to understand of SVOC behavior to reduce exposure risk. The principal aim of this study was to clarify the emission mechanism of DEHP from building materials which is a kind of SVOC. First for some PVC floor tile, emission rates by three methods (FLEC, CLIMPAQ, Little's chamber) and by Micro chamber method were compared. Second experiment was investigated DEHP emission rates from cushion floor under varying air flow volume using micro chamber. In addition, the airflow characteristic of micro chamber was investigated using computational fluid dynamics. Micro chamber method can measure SVOC emission faster than other methods. DEHP emission rate is subject to the airflow velocity near the building-materials surface, the thickness of fluid film under steady state condition.

ISSN：1348-0685

概要：The purpose of this paper is to consider the living environment for health promotion focusing on chronic pain such as the low back pain and shoulder stiffness, that many Japanese people suffer from. The questionnaire survey was conducted with 5000 adult women with a history of pain. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that living environment, activity of daily life including housework and chronic pain consisted of 27 items and five factors: "Chronic Pain", "Stress and Fatigue", "Total Hours of Housework", "Enjoying Housework" and "Satisfaction of Living Environment". Covariance structural analysis revealed the following thing. (1) Four subscales accounted for 73% of the "Chronic Pain." (2) "Stress and Fatigue" have affected "Chronic Pain" greatly. (3) "Enjoying Housework" and "Satisfaction of Living Environment" affected directly on "Chronic Pain" slightly. (4) However, more than it, "Enjoying Housework" and "Satisfaction of Living Environment" affected on "Stress and Fatigue" greatly. As a result, "Chronic Pain" is improved greatly indirectly.

ISSN：1348-0685

概要：A questionnaire was conducted on web targeting 1,000 females to clarify the influence of residential environment and satisfaction with it on occupants' stress and health. Female occupants of 76.8% reported that they have been feeling more than 1 kind of stress. Especially the stress due to their residential environment continued for long period. A covariance structural model on the relationship among residential environment, stress and health of occupants was developed. It was shown that 73% of 'health' could be explained with 5 factors, 'stress', 'satisfaction level with residential environment', 'relaxation effect', 'total hours of relaxation', 'total score of CASBEE health check list'. The model revealed that total score of CASBEE health check list had positive effect on satisfaction level with residential environment and subjective health, while negative effect on stress. The model indicated that satisfaction level with residential environment had a great impact on the levels of stress and subjective health. It was observed that total hours of relaxation had greater impact on the effects of it for working females, while total score of CASBEE health check list had on satisfaction level with residential environment for housewives.

ISSN：1348-0685

概要：The Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011 caused widespread damage, especially electricity shortage. Therefore the Japanese government has directed large-scale electricity users to curb their consumption by 15 percent of what they used in the previous summer. Most companies in Tokyo were saving electricity by reducing their use of lights and air conditioning systems in their offices. decline. Few field investigations have been conducted under special conditions including after big disasters. Purpose of this study is to find efficient strategies for saving electricity that do not decrease workers' productivity so much. In this report, energy consumption of existing building have analyzed and prepared between before the great east Japan earthquake and after. Further, it experimented on the conditions which changed an illumination setup and an air-conditioning setup under power-saving environment, and conducted the sensitivity analysis of each item in analyzing the power consumption on each condition.

ISSN：1348-0685

概要：Some field surveys were conducted in the offices in Tokyo to investigate worker's comfort and productivity under the saving electricity after the Great East Japan Earthquake. However, we need nationwide survey because saving electricity is ongoing all over Japan now. In this study, we conducted web-based questionnaire in Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka to know the workers' awareness and measures of saving electricity. As a result, similar saving electricity measures were implemented in three areas and lowering illuminance made less dissatisfaction than turning up the set point of the air conditioning. It is estimated that workers' awareness of saving electricity was different because of the areal targeted value of saving electricity. Workers' satisfaction of the office environment was affected to a large degree by not only indoor environment or their gender and age, but also their feelings.

ISSN：1348-0685

概要：Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) have low volatility and tend to adhere to dust particles. Recently, many scientific papers show that SVOCs may have a health risk, especially affect for children. Wensing showed that infants take dust 10 times more than adults. Considering the health damages and the intake of dust, the risk of infants exposing to SVOCs might be high. Therefore, it is necessary to assess SVOCs pollution situation of the residences and children welfare facilities which are the main life space for infants. Although many results of measurements for the SVOCs concentrations of dust at residences have been reported in Japan and overseas, few of them are at children welfare facilities. In this paper, we measured SVOCs concentrations of dust at four child welfare facilities, to assess the degree of SVOCs pollution in those places.As a result, in many cases the SVOCs concentrations of dust at children welfare facilities were high compared with that of residences. Also, higher SVOCs concentrations were observed in rooms with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) flooring materials compared with that in rooms with wood-based flooring material.

ISSN：1340-4210

概要：The purpose of this paper is to make clear the living environment and daily activities that affect the related factors to chronic low back pain. Based on the questionnaire survey that was conducted with adult women with a medical history of chronic low back pain, two analyses were performed (n=4,040). First, it was found some motions that a lot of people felt the burden of low back at activities of daily living. Those results were compared with ergonomic value of lumbar load of each motion. These characteristics of the motions of the lumbar load were not only greater. There was also a small load in the case of long working hours. Next, the χ-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed for each room bathroom, kitchen, liveing room. People who have felt the heavy burden of low back after housework in kitchen were more likely to be lower worktop (OR 2.27). Environmental factors in the living room was not associated with low back pain symptoms, but associated with the subjective health, fatigue and stress.These results suggested that the effect of the living environment reduce stress and it may be related to symptoms of low back.

ISSN：0916-8524

概要：Graphene is attracting attention in electrical and optical research fields recently. We measured the optical absorption characteristics and polarization dependence of single-layer graphene (SLG) on sub-micrometer Si waveguide. The results for graphene lengths ranging from 2.5 to 200 μm reveal that the optical absorption by graphene is 0.09 dB/μm with the TE mode and 0.05 dB/μm with the TM mode. The absorption in the TE mode is 1.8 times higher than that in the TM mode. An optical spectrum, theoretical analysis and Raman spectrum indicate that surface-plasmon polaritons in graphene support TM mode light propagation.

ISSN：1348-0685

概要：Semi-outdoor environment is defined as a grade of environmental control in thermal environmental planning, falling in between indoor and outdoor environment. Thermal adaptation of occupants, together with building and equipment, needs to be taken into account for planning such environment. Behavioral and psychological adaptation was found to be influential on thermal comfort, and context of thermal environment was found to be important to understand the adaptive process from literature review. Environmental context was categorized into social, architectural, and personal elements. A concept model of adaptive thermal comfort in semi-outdoor environment was proposed. Problems concerning application of existing thermal comfort standards were discussed. Adaptive comfort zone, not comfort temperature, needs to be investigated through field surveys considering the Japanese context such as geographical location, climate, degree of environmental control and general-purpose of the architectural space. Adaptive comfort zone needs to be presented together with the definition of environmental context.

ISSN：1348-0685

概要：The Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami which occurred on March 11, 2011 caused widespread damage and electricity shortage. So the Japanese government has directed large-scale electricity users to curb their consumption by 15 percent of what they used last summer. However, excessive saving electricity forces office workers to be patient, and it can lead to productivity decline. In this study, the field survey and questionnaire survey were conducted in six buildings saving on electricity to study the indoor environment, the workers productivity and energy conservation. As a result, it was found that the rise of temperature leads to the sharp decline of productivity and comfort, and that power saving of lighting made less dissatisfaction for office workers and reduced more electric energy than turning up the air conditioning. Office workers can keep productivity if there are no dissatisfactions for them. Therefore, lowering illuminance is found to be more effective for saving electricity than turning up the air conditioning.

ISSN：1341-9463

概要：Residential and commercial building sector accounts for more than 30% of final energy consumption in Japan and an increase from the past is remarkable. In order to realize a low-carbon society, further strengthening of energy saving measures is essential. Japanese government is considering a mandatory policy scheme which forces all residential and non-residential buildings to meet the energy efficiency standard by 2020. This research aims to marshal trends on regulations for energy efficiency of residential and non-residential buildings within countries which implements advanced measures, and to obtain referential knowledge for Japan's energy efficiency measures.

ISSN：1348-0685

概要：This study proposes methods of the multi-split type air-conditioning system model based on refrigerants thermodynamic properties that improve the computational speed reserving accuracy and extrapolability, and reduce physical parameters setting work. The purpose is to improve the quantitative performance assessment of the multi-split type air-conditioning system. The approximation method of refrigerative physical properties value using the neural network improves the computational speed. When the heat load of indoor equipment is input to the multi-split type air-conditioning system model, the amount of consumption energy is the output. It is found the proposed model can calculate approximate outputs in cases of not only JIS but other conditions.

ISSN：1348-0685

概要：Building materials emit many kinds of chemical substances, such as aldehydes and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC). Efforts are currently being directed towards new technological developments to mitigate the occurrence of such indoor air pollution. Techniquesto counter this type of air pollution from indoor surfaces include adsorption, dissolution, and sealing. The present study investigates the effectiveness of sealer paints in reducing chemical substance emission rates. A new evaluation method is described for studying reductions in chemical emissions by these paints. The method is based on detection of aldehydes or VOCs emission following sealerpaint application versus a control without sealer, and the calculation of an emission factor. All paints showed significant reductions in emission factors for formaldehyde and for a number of other VOCs. Reduction rates for formaldehyde were as high as 67.2[%], depending on the sealer being tested. Future research will examine the durability of this sealing effect over extended periods of time.

ISSN：1348-0685

概要：Phthalates are used as plasticizers and flame retardants in building materials and phthalates emitted in indoor environment tend to adhere to house dust. According to Wensing, infants take dust 10times as adults, so an investigation on the concentration of phthalates in house dust is important. This study was measured the concentration of DEHP for house dust and compared for house dust before and after renovation in Korea houses. And, using micro-chamber method, for the building products of Japan and South Korea were measured the emission rates of semi volatile organic compounds. Floor product in Korea is higher than the emission rates of DEHP for floor product in Japan.

ISSN：1348-0685

概要：Recently, residences are becoming more insulated and airtight for energy saving action. In such residences, floor heating (radiative system) and air conditioner (convective system) have become widely used. So the thermal comfort in rooms heated by floor heating or air conditioner was compared by the thermal manikin. The experiment for the thermal manikin was performed in the artificial climate chamber. When sensible heat loss became thermal neutrality, the thermal comfort in rooms heated by floor heating or air conditioner was compared by air temperature. In the result, for all conditions air temperature by floor heating was lower than that by air conditioner.

ISSN：1348-0685

概要：The purpose of this paper is to clarify the causal relationship for from longitudinal research with health and living environment. Based on a questionnaire longitudinal survey administered online to Japanese women of 3054 in 2011 and 2013, about 1500 people with a history of low back pain, covariance structure analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between satisfaction of living environment, stress-related health and chronic low back pain. The models showed that there was a causal effect from "stress and fatigue" to "chronic back pain", while a second causal effect was shown from "satisfaction of living environment" to "stress and fatigue." Taken together, this suggests that "satisfaction of living environment" influences levels of "stress and fatigue" which in turn manifests itself as "chronic low back pain."

ISSN：1348-0685

概要：In Japan, many people feel cold in housing during winter. In this study, focusing on comfortable thermal environment for people sensitive to cold in housing during winter, subjective measurements were carried out experimentally. People sensitive to cold and not so selected as subjects were exposed to climate chamber controlled to 5℃, heating room controlled to 21℃, and non-heating room controlled to 14℃, 16℃, 18℃. The results of this study are as follows: (1) the whole body and hand/foot thermal sensation correlates well with the thermal comfort in both groups of subjects; (2) in case of examining skin temperature of extremities during winter, that of fingers should be measured instead of back of hand and instep, and (3) people sensitive to cold felt cold, especially in their foot during experiment all the time. When examining the comfort of residents in housing, it is very important to considering difference of their constitution.

ISSN：03601323

概要：© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. This study examines the relationship between individual thermal satisfaction and worker performance. Field measurements and a questionnaire survey were conducted within an organization participating in the COOL BIZ energy conservation campaign. A subjective experiment was also conducted in a climate chamber with eleven Japanese male subjects, testing five scenarios combining operative temperature (25.5°C and 28.5°C), clothing (with and without suits), and cooling items (desk fan, air-conditioned shirt, mesh office chair). From the individual analysis, actual air temperature in the COOL BIZ office was poorly correlated with self-estimated performance, whereas perceived thermal satisfaction correlated well with self-estimated performance (R²=0.944, p<0.001). The results of the subjective experiment indicate that performance during simulated office work (i.e. multiplication and proof reading tasks) increased with greater individual thermal satisfaction (R²=0.403 and 0.464, p<0.001). The finding that perceived thermal satisfaction of occupants is reflected in objective measurement of office work performance has practical implications for the evaluation of thermal satisfaction in real offices as a means to boost workplace productivity.

ISSN：03601323

概要：© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. Owing to the enormous damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, a 15% reduction in peak power consumption was required to address the gap between demand and supply capabilities in the summer of 2011. Electricity-saving measures are promoted in offices today for both environmental and safety reasons, and indoor office environments have changed greatly. This paper aims to reveal to what extent workers' awareness of electricity-saving has changed since the earthquake disaster had an impact on energy consumption and productivity. The authors have conducted continuous fieldwork and questionnaire surveys in seven electricity-saving office buildings in the summers of 2011-2013. Additionally, our laboratory's past research data were collected together and analyzed. The results show that excessive indoor air temperatures, such as 28°C, were avoided, and the desk level illuminance greatly decreased, from 750lux to around 400lux, after the earthquake. People learned to implement electricity saving in a proper way that does not spoil workers' comfort, and workers' acceptability zone for the indoor environment was extended by the experience of electricity-saving. Moreover, when we compared individual differences in the way environmental information is perceived, it was shown that differences in the workers' awareness of electricity-saving had a more profound effect on their satisfaction with the indoor environmental quality than those in their gender or age. Mechanical power-saving is definitely important; however, building devices that induce the occupants' energy-saving actions are vital. Our results will be considerably useful to other countries, whether or not they experience a natural disaster.

概要：© 2015 OSA. We investigated a top-gated graphene optical modulator on a CMOS compatible silicon photonic platform. The structural optimization results revealed that the modulation efficiency is able to reach to 0.05 dB/μm with very low insertion loss.

ISSN：13480685

概要：In recent years, indoor air pollution due to phthalate esters has gained increasing attention. In particular, phthalate esters present in house dust have been reported to have a considerable impact on infant health. This study was investigated the concentration of phthalate esters in indoor air and house dusts in residential houses (n=21). Collected indoor air and house dust were analyzed for 11 substances. As a result, phthalate esters concentrations in indoor air were 0.7∼29.3μg /m3 for 2E1H, 0.1∼2.0μg /m3 for D6, 0.1∼0.9μg /m3 for DBP and 0.1∼1.2μg /m3 for DEHP. The concentrations of DEP, TBP, D6, BHT and DBA in house dust were less than detection limit. But, these were detected for TCEP (20∼40μg/g), DOA (2∼70μg/g), DBP (15∼200), DEHP (50P:810(μg/g), 95P:4660(μg/g)). Assuming that an infant intakes 10.3 mg/kg/day of house dust in 95 percentile, infants would intake 47.9μg /kg/day DEHP which exceeds the guidelines for tolerable daily intake (TDI) and reference dose (RfD).

ISSN：13480685

概要：Recent studies have reported that indoor house dust contains a large volume of SVOC chemical substances such as phthalates and it is showing a relationship with children's asthma and allergic dermatitis. In particular, plasticizers contained in PVC building materials such as DBP and DEHP are the primary SVOC substances that pollute indoor environments. Therefore, The Micro-chamber method is to measure the emission rate of SVOCs from building products and to confirm what kind of SVOCs are emitted from a variety of products that are used indoors kindergarten. As results, the DBP and DEHP were detected in all building materials based on the result obtained from measuring the building materials produced in Japan, South Korea, and China. On the other hand, TCEP and TPP were not detected from all the building materials tested in this study. The DBP and DEHP emission rates (95 percentile) from the PVC sheets used for the measurement in this study were 2.60 [μg/m2·h] and 11.63[μg/m2·h] respectively. Moreover, it appears that there is a different type of plasticizer added to each product and detected for each country. In addition, toys, shoes, crayon and eraser were emitted C16, DBP and DEHP and also variety SVOCs like as D6, BHT, DEP, TBP, C20 and DOA. Especially, shoes were detected 9 substances among targeted 12. These results were considered that is because shoes are made a several materials.

ISSN：13480685

概要：In recent years, natural ventilation system have attracted greater attention as an alternative to reduce building energy consumption. And natural ventilated buildings have been increasingly applied even in large office buildings. In Japan, outdoor air of middle season as natural ventilation season has wide variation range of temperature and humidity. Therefore, determining the criteria of outdoor air to introduce natural ventilation is an important factor to achieve energy saving and comfortable indoor thermal environment. In this paper, switching conditions to natural ventilation in 42 buildings with natural ventilation system were investigated and classified in six groups. Each type was evaluated with the reference weather data of 2000yr versions from three aspects: 1) total operating hours, 2) continuity, defined as the daily average hours of operating natural ventilation, 3) the quality of supply outdoor air. The total operating hours of the six types in basic setpoints ranged from 972h to l,278h. Continuity was between 6.2 and 8.3.

ISSN：13480685

概要：Ten patient rooms were assessed for environmental surface contamination using an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) test kit before and after terminal room cleaning was performed following patient discharge. The degree of environmental surface contamination was evaluated and the effectiveness of cleaning was examined using ATP values. It was found that the overbed tables, cabinet handles, light switches and television remote controls were highly contaminated. The ATP values found on the overbed tables after cleaning were often higher than those of the same surfaces before cleaning due to a high contamination rate. Cross-contamination from surfaces having high degrees of contamination being cleaned just prior to the overbed tables could be also a reason for high ATP values. The risk of contagion, therefore, can be reduced by preventing cross-contamination via the cleaning cloth by modifying the following: cleaning procedures for highly contaminated surfaces, cleaning sequences, and timing for changing used cloths according to the level of environmental surface contamination.

ISSN：13480685

概要：A new predicting model (OTn model) is proposed for the local thermal sensation with ASHRAE seven-point scale under the condition of non-uniform thermal environment based on the Zhang model. Especially, the prediction accuracy to the thermal sensation of the hot side is improved by this model. To develop the prediction model, the subjects experiment in the climate chamber is conducted under the condition from cold side to hot side. The local thermal sensations to the operative temperature under the conditions of steady state are predicted by the proposed model (OTn model) and original Zhang model respectively, and compared with the present subject experiments. As a result, it is found the accuracy of the local thermal sensations in the hot side is much improved by comparing with the Zhang's results on the whole.

ISSN：13419463

概要：Waseda University and various enterprises proposed a Zero-Energy-House(ZEH) called "Nobi-Nobi HOUSE" in ENEMANEHOUSE2014. In this ZEH, we carried out a design for the ZEH technology, and was build in Tokyo at January 2014. After the relocated in Shizuoka, it was measured every four seasons in energy consumption, electric-generating capacity and indoor environment. This report shows design of "Nobi-Nobi HOUSE" for ZEH and result of measurement.

ISSN：01604120

概要：© 2016 Elsevier LtdDespite the fact that the special characteristics of indoor air pollution make closed environments quite different from outdoor environments, the conceptual ideas for assessing air quality indoors and outdoors are similar. Therefore, the elaboration of International Standards for air quality characterization in view of controlling indoor air quality should resort to this common basis. In this short review we describe the possibilities of standardization of tools dedicated to indoor air quality characterization with a focus on the tools permitting to study the indoor air chemistry. The link between indoor exposure and health as well as the critical processes driving the indoor air quality are introduced. Available International Standards for the assessment of indoor air quality are depicted. The standards comprise requirements for the sampling on site, the analytical procedures, and the determination of material emissions. To date, these standardized procedures assure that indoor air, settled dust and material samples are analyzed in a comparable manner. However, existing International Standards exclusively specify conventional, event-driven target-screening using discontinuous measurement methods for long-lived pollutants. Therefore, this review draws a parallel between physico-chemical processes in indoor and outdoor environments. The achievements in atmospheric sciences also improve our understanding of indoor environments. The community of atmospheric scientists can be both ideal and supporter for researchers in the area of indoor air quality characterization. This short review concludes with propositions for future standardization activities for the chemical characterization of indoor air quality. Future standardization efforts should focus on: (i) the elaboration of standardized measurement methods and measurement strategies for online monitoring of long-lived and short-lived pollutants, (ii) the assessment of the potential and the limitations of non-target screening, (iii) the paradigm shift from event-driven investigations to systematic approaches to characterize indoor environments, and (iv) the development of tools for policy implementation.

ISSN：13480685

概要：In recent years, SVOC has a high interest as contaminants in house dust in indoor. Specifically, phthalates are more concentrated in house dust than indoor air. The children are higher risk with phthalate concentrated in house dust than adults. We had researched the concentration of SVOC in house dust and air as well as emission rate of SVOC from PVC sheets by using the micro chamber. But, we have not ever investigated that the phthalates contamination in house dust are whether in the substance emitted from PVC sheet to be used in the surveyed house. Therefore, this study was investigated the measurement of SVCO concentration in air and house dust in Korea and to measurement of SVOC emission rate from PVC sheets by using micro chamber. As a result, from the air in surveyed houses are detected 2E1H, D6, BHT, DEP, C16, DBP and DEHP but were not detected TBP, TCEP, DBA, TPP and DOA. In this study, the concentration of DBP and DEHP are respectively 0.36-0.67, 0.13-0.56[μg/m3] in surveyed houses. From the house dusts in surveyed houses are detected 2E1H, DEP, C16, TCEP, DBP, TPP, DOA and DEHP. The detection frequency of 2E1H, DBP and DEHP are higher than the other analyzed substances. The average concentration of 2E1H and DBP are respectively 23, 53[μg/g], DEHP is 4225[μg/g] in house dust in the surveyed houses. By using micro chamber, we measured the emission rate of SVOC from PVC sheets that are used in surveyed houses. 2E1H, DEP, C16, DBP, DOA and DEHP were emitted from PVC sheet. 2E1H, DBP and DEHP are emitted from all measured PVC sheets. The emission rate of 2E1H and DBP are respectively 0.35-1.29, 0.12-1.52[μg/m2•h], DEHP is 0.72-14.21[μg/m2•h] from PVC sheets that are used the surveyed houses. On other hand, the D6, BHP, TBP, TCEP, DBA and TPP were not emitted from PVC sheets that are used surveyed houses. The contaminated D6, BHT, TBP, TCEP, DBA and TPP in air and house dusts were not associated with PVC sheets. There is no correlation between the concentration of 2E1H, DBP and DEHP in air and the emission rate of 2E1H, DBP and DEHP from PVC sheets. But, in the case of DEHP concentration in house dust, there is correlation between the concentration of DEHP in house dust and the bleed-out rate of DEHP from PVC sheets that is used the surveyed houses.

ISSN：02555476

概要：© 2017 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.This study was measured the concentration level of contamination by DEHP on indoor flooring surfaces. It was confirmed that vacuum-cleaning of dust accumulated on flooring surfaces would not completely eliminate DEHP in the flooring. Unlike ceilings or walls, children are more prone to come in direct contact with flooring; meaning children’s bare skin is more likely to be exposed to high-concentration of DEHP on flooring surfaces. As children lick their hands that come in direct contact with the flooring, their chance of orally ingesting DEHP is likely to increase as well. Given these findings, it is considered important to assess children’s exposure to DEHP in indoor environments and assess the risks thereof by investing the subject in relation to behavioral characteristics of children.

ISSN：13480685

概要：The purpose of this research is to evaluate the situation of Top-Level Business Facility and CASBEE certified buildings by using the data of j-reit owned office buildings. Regarding the objective office, the total leased area is under 50000 m2 and total building area is over 10000m 2 . The net operating income of Top-Level Business Facility and CASBEE certified office buildings is bigger than that of not certified office buildings. The utilities cost of Top-Level Business Facility certified office buildings is the same as that of not certified office buildings, but the utilities cost of CASBEE certified office buildings is bigger than that of not certified office buildings. The net operating income of expired CASBEE certified office buildings is bigger than that of not certified office buildings. The utilities cost of expired CASBEE certified office buildings is the same as that of not certified office buildings. Using these results, the environmental performance of Top-Level Business Facility certified office buildings and expired CASBEE certified office buildings may be high in the value of the real estate.

ISSN：13419463

概要："ENEMANE HOUSE 2015" was held as a part of business for promotion in Zero Energy Houses (ZEH). Waseda University collaborated with enterprises and proposed "WASEDA LIVE HOUSE". A real size WASEDA LIVE HOUSE was built in Yokohama and its environmental performance was measured for seven days starting October 23 rd to 29 th 2015. This paper shows design of WASEDA LIVE HOUSE and result of its operation.

ISSN：00012491

概要：Indoor air quality of homes, workplaces, public buildings, and cabins of transportation vehicles plays an essential role in the health and well-being of individuals. During recent decades, interest in indoor air research increased significantly as is reflected in the increasing number of scientific publications and international standards. Various ambient (outdoor) air quality standards and regulations have been established within many countries to protect public health. However, indoor air quality standards with legally binding force are scarce. Currently, consumer demand is helping to drive manufacturers using product labels indicating so-called "low emissions" as a marketing tool.

ISSN：13480685

概要：It is necessary to insulate a building envelope in order to improve the indoor environment and to save energy consumption in houses. However, if vapor protection or an airtight seal is not perfect, condensation decreases the durability of the structure and lowers the indoor air quality. The air pollutants enter from concealed spaces (beam space, crawl space, etc.) to the indoor space through indoor decompression in the ventilation system. If mold infiltrates through the glass wool heat insulating materials, some of the mold may stay and grow. The objective of the present investigation is to characterize the movement of mold spores between heat insulators. It is concluded that the sampling method for the concealed space must use a Teflon tube that is about 0.3 m long. The heat insulator was washed using sterilized physiological salt solution to clarify the movement of mold spores in a heat insulator. The amount of mold spores in the heat insulator decreased with an increase in the number of times it was washed. After the third washing, the desorption rate of mold spores in the heat insulator was about 85%. Hence, three rounds of washing were required to measure the mold movement in glass wool heat insulators. For movement of mold spores inside the heat insulator, the quantity of mold spores adhering to the heat insulator decreases exponentially with an increase in length. In this range of the wind velocity, it was found that the movement of mold spores between insulators through the heat insulator is not significantly influenced by wind in the small chamber.

ISSN：19493053

概要：© 2016 IEEE. The introduction of photovoltaic power systems is being significantly promoted. This paper proposes the implementation of a distributed energy management framework linking demand-side management systems and supply-side management system under the given time-of-use pricing program for efficient utilization of photovoltaic power outputs; each system implements a consistent management flow composed of forecasting, operation planning, and control steps. In our framework, demand-side systems distributed in the electric distribution network manage individual energy consumption to reduce the residential operating cost by utilizing the residential photovoltaic power system and controllable energy appliances so as not to inconvenience residents. On the other hand, the supply-side system utilizes photovoltaic power maximally while maintaining the quality of electric power. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is evaluated on the basis of an actual Japanese distribution network simulation model from both the supply-side and demand-side viewpoints.

ISSN：09056947

概要：© 2017 The Authors. Indoor Air published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Conditions in which exhaled and dermally emitted bioeffluents could be sampled separately or together (whole-body emission) were created. Five lightly dressed males exhaled the air through a mask to another, identical chamber or without a mask to the chamber in which they were sitting; the outdoor air supply rate was the same in both chambers. The carbon dioxide concentration in the chamber with exhaled air was 2000 ppm. Chamber temperatures were 23°C or 28°C, and ozone was present or absent in the supply airflow. When dermally emitted bioeffluents were present, the perceived air quality (PAQ) was less acceptable, and the odor intensity was higher than when only exhaled bioeffluents were present. The presence or absence of exhaled bioeffluents in the unoccupied chamber made no significant difference to sensory assessments. At 28°C and with ozone present, the odor intensity increased and the PAQ was less acceptable in the chambers with whole-body bioeffluents. The concentrations of nonanal, decanal, geranylacetone, and 6-MHO were higher when dermally emitted bioeffluents were present; they increased further when ozone was present. The concentration of squalene then decreased and increased again at 28°C. Dermally emitted bioeffluents seem to play a major role in the sensory nuisance experienced when occupied volumes are inadequately ventilated.

概要：© 2017 IEEE. The world is more aware of the need for saving energy because of increasing world energy consumption and environmental problems. To promote saving energy in the domestic field, the use of home energy management systems (HEMSs) is rapidly spreading. The HEMS which has automatically controlling function can control domestic electrical appliances including air-conditioners (ACs). In this research, we focus on AC operation plans to improve thermal comfort and reduce electricity costs for residents. However, AC control planning is generally a difficult task because the operation results greatly depend on the environmental characteristics in which the HEMS is installed. To solve this problem, we proposed an AC planning method that accounts for environmental characteristics and uncertainty in prediction by using historical data.

ISSN：13480685

概要：We developed a cough machine that can generate human-like cough to evaluate the infection risk in indoor environments. The cough expired volume, propagation distance and velocity of cough, total mass of droplets and droplet size were compared with experimental results of subjects. Using the cough machine, the droplet deposition on horizontal surfaces and the position of facial mucous membranes were measured. It was shown that the number of droplet deposited on the facial mucous membranes decreased drastically over 90 cm. On horizontal surfaces, the droplet deposited most at 50-60 cm and over 90% of the droplet deposited within 90 cm.

ISBN：9784863900004

ISBN：N978-4-87418-040-2

ISBN：978-4874180358

ISBN：978-4395005420

ISBN：9784542303942

ISBN：978-4872758085

ISBN：978-4844604877

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）

口頭発表（一般）